Abstract: Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different surface treatments on the tensile retentive force of fiber reinforced posts (FRPs) to composite core material buildup. Materials and methods: A total of fifty FRPs were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10), the first group was the untreated control group, second group immersion in 24% hydrogen peroxide; third group immersion in 4% hydrofluoric acid gel; fourth group sandblasting with 50um Al2O3 powder, fifth group surface preparation with an Er:YAG laser under power setting (300m), at 2 Hz and 100 uS) for 10 seconds. A cylindrical polyethylene mold was used to surround the treated posts, and the mold was filled with dual cure composite core material buildup. All samples were light cured for 40 seconds through the top of the mold. After 24 hours of storage in water, the post was then grasped with Jacobs chuck attached to the upper member of testing machine and produced tensile loading. Tensile tests were performed at a cross, head speed of 0.5 mm/minute using a universal testing machine. Data were analyzed by One-Way Analysis of Variance followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test at significant difference (p < 0.05). Results: The post core tensile retentive force achieved following pretreatment with hydrogen peroxide and sandblast (Groups 2 and 4) were comparable to each other, and significantly higher than those of other groups in which the post surface had been treated with hydrofluoric acid gel, control group and laser, respectively. Conclusions: surface pretreatment of FRP has significance effect on the tensile retentive force. Sandblasting and hydrogen peroxide are increasing tensile retentive force of FRPs to composite core material buildup greater than those of hydrofluoric acid gel, control and laser group, respectively.

Abstract: Aims:  The aims of  this study was to evaluate the relationship of lateral dentoskeletal morphology to the amount of dental crowding in patients with Class II malocclusion. Materials and Methods: Study models and lateral cephalometric radiographs of a Class II malocclusion of 62 Iraqi patients(18-25 years) lived in the center of Mosul City (30males and 32 females), were evaluated.  The sample was divided into two groups according to severity of pretreatment mandibular crowding. Group 1 consisted of 30 patients and have  crowding ≥ 3 mm. Group 2 have  32 patients and crowding Results: Significant differences between  crowding less than 3mm  and crowding groups more than 3mm were seen in posterior facial height ( S-Go) , the angle between sella, nasion and occlusal plane line ( S-N-Ocp) and the angle between sella, nasion and the long axis of lower central incisor (S-N-L1) in males,  while in females, the significant differences were seen in the angle between sella, nasion and the long axis of lower central incisor (S-N-L1) and the angle between Sella–nasion line and mandibular plane(NS- GoMe). The other parameters showed no significant differences. The correlation coefficients of the amount of crowding with all the measurements were studied. Some of them showed a positive  correlation, while others showed a negative one. Conclusions: Subjects with Class II malocclusion and different amount of dental  crowding have no significantly relation with skeletal parameters. Results suggest that dental crowding is independent of the skeletal measurements.

Abstract: Aims: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of low level diode laser (1064) compared with the effect of Acyclovir (ACV) cream 5% in patients with recurrent herpes labialis (RHL). Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with active lesions (intact vesicle and rupture lesions) were included in this clinical trial. Fifteen patients were treated with low level diode laser (1064) while the other fifteen patients were treated with Acyclovir cream 5%.  Results: Complete disappearance of prodromal symptoms ( itching, tingling or burning) and erythema were noticed in low level diode laser (1064)   group after three days of treatment compared with ACV group. Conclusions: low level laser (1064) appeared to be more effective in healing time and pain relief than ACV cream 5%. Key words: Dental crowding; ClassII malocclusion; Dentoskeletal morphology.

Abstract: Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of a newly prepared endodontic irrigant solution, against E. faecalis.Materials and Methods: Sixty human extracted single rooted teeth samples were prepared by using protaper NiTi rotary system. The apical foramen of each sample was sealed by acrylic resin on the apical 3mm. Each root was embedded in silicon impression material block and autoclaved. A ten µl (4X105) of inoculated broth media (nutrient broth) with  E. faecalis was injected gently inside the canals of group A,B&C was incubated for 24hours at 37Co. Group D was left without inoculation to serve as a control negative. The samples of group A,B and C were disinfected as fallow: Group A was disinfected with MCP solution(mixture of 20% castor detergent and 4% papain). Group B was disinfected with freshly diluted 2.5% NaOCl solution. Group C not treated with any solution control positive. The disinfected solutions were left inside the canal for 5 min then each canal was dried with sterilized paper point, then bacterial samples were taken from the samples of 4 groups using size 40 sterilized file which was inserted to full canal length and rotated 360 degrees in clock wise direction for dentin engagement. The file was put inside the sterilized plastic tube containing 1ml of normal saline then 200 µl was inoculated and spread on Enterococcus agar media and incubated at 37oC for 18hours, the numbers of bacterial colonies were counted. Results: Both solutions (MCP and NaOCl) produce complete eradication of E Faecalis within 5 minutes. Conclusion: Castor detergent 20% and papain enzyme 4% (MCP) has ability to completely eradicate Enterococcus  Faecalis bacteria from the infected root canal in vitro in 5 min. It's antibacterial action is similar to the action of 2.5 % NaOCl.

Abstract: Aims : To study the effects of 5−Fluorouracil (5−FU) on the gastric mucosa of rabbits and to evaluate the effect of folic acid (FA) on these effectiveness. Materials and methods : In the present study 9 adult male rabbits aged 3 months were used , and divided into 3 main groups. GroupI :served as a control group and received normal saline only. Group II: given a twice dose of 10mg /kg per week 5−FU intraperitonealy for 8 weeks . Group III: given a twice dose of 10mg / kg per week 5−FU intraperitonealy with 5mg of folic acid orally by cavage needle for 8 weeks . The animals were sacrificed and the body and pyloric tissues of stomach were excised and processed for histological study. Results :5−FU causes loss of tissues architecture in both body and pyloric regions of gastric mucosa with vacuolation in the cytoplasm of the cells lining epithelium and the cells lining the gastric pits, loss of gastric and pyloric glands architecture, vacuolation in the cytoplasm of the parietal and chief cells and the cells lining pyloric glands. Breached of muscularis mucosa, congestion of blood vessels in the lamina propria, vacuolation and dilated spaces in muscular layers. All these changes were significantly compare to control group except that for group III (5−FUplus FA)which showed few histopathological differences in whole thickness of gastric mucosa compare to control group. Conclusions :Weekly intraperitoneal administrations of 5−FU produce injury in the tissues of gastric mucosa. While combination 5−FU and folic acid (FA )regimen protect from enterotoxic action of 5−FU alone.

Abstract: Aims: The purpose of this article was to present a case of surgical exposure and orthodontic reposition of impacted dilacerated maxillary left central incisor. Also surgical exposure of impacted maxillary left canine followed by orthodontic treatment of  canine-lateral incisor  complete  transposition. result : this article describe the treatment of a teenager girl who had impactions of the maxillary left central incisor and canine as well as canine-lateral incisor transposition. The dilacerated impacted  central incisor was uncovered  and orthodonticaly extruded into the dental arch. Then the impacted canine was surgically exposed and orthodonticaly moving the tooth palately then distally to brought it into its normal position. Conclusion : concurrent impaction and transposition of maxillary anterior teeth is uncommon and poses a challenge for the dentist. Early diagnosis and management of eruption disturbances give us both esthetic and functional outcome benefits.

Abstract: Aims: The study investigated the effect of curing methods and the effect of some chemical disinfection solution on the color parameters of the vinyl addition silicon maxillofacial materials. Materials and methods: 30 samples were made from maxillofacial silicon rubber. The samples (20*10*3)mm length, width, and thickness, were divide into two group ( cold and hot curing )15 sample for each group , 5 sample for each disinfection solution that used in this study and then tested to record the color parameters . Results: The result showed there was significant  differences between  (group 1 and  group 2 ) in all L,a,b values and more changes was found in group 1(cold cure ) except in L1 and b3 the more changes was found in group 2(hot cure ). the more color changes was found in the samples that immersed in Sodium hypochlorite. the chlorhexidine showed less value of color changes than the other  type. Conclusion:Translucency of the cold cured samples was higher than that of the heat cured samples, due to the effect of processing heat .  the more color changes was found in the samples that immersed in Sodium hypochlorite. the chlorhexidine showed less value of color changes than the other types because it chemically inert and acting through saturation.

Abstract: Aims: to evaluate the efficacy of analgesia produced by preoperative administration of  tramadol  or  ibuprofen on surgically extracted mandibular 3rd molars .Materials and Methods :surgical removal of lower 3rd molar was performed in 30 patients , they were divided into three groups of ten patient  for each. Group I: preoperative 100mg tramadol IM injection; Group II: preoperative 800 mg Ibuprofen orally; Group III: control group with no preoperative treatment .Analgesia was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS), Verbal pain Scale(VPS), patient satisfaction(PS), amount of analgesic consumption and time elapsed before first intake were recorded after 24 hours. Results: There was significant differences between tramadol and control group in all types of pain scales in favor of tramadol group . There was significant difference in the visual analog scale (VAS) ,number and  time of tablets needed during 24 hours between Ibuprofen and control group . There was significant difference between Tramadol and Ibuprofen groups in both of (VAS) and (VPS) in favor of Tramadol group. Conclusions: The use of tramadol or ibuprofen preemptively is  effective method of postoperative pain control in impacted  lower 3rd molar surgery .

Abstract: Aims: To evaluate the Absorbance and transmittance of the optical light for three different types of light activated dental composite resin stored in artificial saliva. Materials and Methods: 30 specimens were prepared from light activated composite resin and divided in to three  groups, G1: 10 specimens prepared from Els, G2: 10 specimens prepared from Tetric n Ceram, G3: 10 specimens prepared from Solitaire2.  Absorbance of the optical light measured using spectrophotometer. The specimens were evaluated after (zero,1,7,28) day immersion time in artificial saliva.  Results:  Statistical analysis shows significant difference at P ≤ 0.05 among tested groups at same immersion time, Solitaire 2 showed highest absorbance means compare to Tetric, Els specially after 1 day immersion in artificial saliva. No significant difference P> 0.05 in absorbance mean at various immersion time in artificial saliva for each group.  Els shows low absorbance and highest transmittance percentage T% than Tetric and Solitaire composite resin.  Conclusion: The Els extra composite resin has lowest absorbance and highest transmittance means for optical light, Solitaire2 showed  more absorbance means with less amount of light transmittance through the composite resin compare to Tetric and Els. The performance of the experimented groups statistically not significant in terms of immersion time in artificial saliva.

Abstract: Aims: The aim of the  study is to determine the effects of different suturing techniques on post-operative complications (pain and swelling) following the removal of impacted lower wisdom teeth. Materials and Methods: Sixty medically fit patients were randomly selected with an age range between 16–42 years of both sexes. They were divided into 3 groups.  These patients had impacted lower third molars indicated for surgical extraction.  The first group comprised of twenty patients, the flap would be closed by simple interrupted suturing technique, and in the second group (20 patients) by vertical mattress suturing technique,  and  anchoring suture techniques for the third group (20 patients). All groups will be compared   by clinical assessment to determine  post-operative complications including pain and swelling. Results: In all treatment groups, pain (on VAS) reached its peak on the first post-operative day then faded away. In all groups, swelling was most severe in the first post-operative day and gradually decreased, with the  anchor suturing technique showing significant difference of swelling at day three Conclusions: Changing the method of suturing appear to have no effect on the degree of pain, swelling following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars.