Comparison of Tensile Bond Strength between Fissure Sealants Placed After Rubber Cup Polishing and Air Polishing of Enamel Surface ( An in vitro study )

فادهلاا : فدهت  ةساردلا ىلا ادختيساب دي اايداخ ري حلا ااديس يف ةمدختسملا تاوشحلا نيب دشل ةطبارلا ةوقلا ةنراقم ييميتلا اايهه يق رط م (( ئاوهلا Air Polisher  (( طاطملا ةاشرف ةطساوب يميتلا ةق رطخ Rubber cup . لمعلا قئارطو داوملا ب ةييي ررتلا ةيساردلا تذ ن : مادختيسا 40  لا نانسدا نم نس خ تي رخذيرلا نيلا نايريتلا ييلف تيت مت ويقتلا ا يلا اييسلأ تعيي تلاخ ةمييسلا ىلخدا ة ويعلا كحاوض نانيسدا تيلاا ( ةمدختسملا ةوشحلا عون ىيلا ااامتلاا انس ن رشلا نم نيتنوكم نيتلاومرم ىيلا ةيئاوشلا هرولب Prevent or Angie ةلاومرم يك تمسق ، ) لاومرم ىلا سا ةرشلا نم ةنوكم نيتيلارف نيت يم ةييطاطملا ةايشر لا ةيق رطب ايما ،ةاايملا يييطت ييق انيملا حطس فيظنت ةق رط ىيلا ةدمتعم نان م ( فا خلا ط Rubber cup with pumice slurry ( ئاويهلا يميت ةق رط خا ) Air polisher ىيلخدا ةيلاومرملا .) I a : Prevent and Rubber cup (PRC ومرملا ) يلخدا ةيلا ى I b : Prevent and Air polisher(PAP ةييناالا ةيلاومرملا م ) II a : Angie and Rubber Cup (ARC ةيناالا ةلاومرملا ) II b : (AAp) Angie and Air polisher  ك رو يسو لا ومايح م ي ةطيساوب اينيملا حطيس ش رخت تت م ةدمل 20  ةدمل ءاملاب يسغ ت ينا 20  وهلاب ف هخ ةينا ةفا يش ةيكتيس ب ةيبوينا تييات تت ا دعبخ سانتم يريشايت ويبا حطس ىيلا لولحيل ءا ااوملاب تئيمخ انيملا حطس ىيلا اهلحف اارملا  اييق مخريم ت وقت كيس سارب طوبرم ز اه غرب ضخ ت م ةير ردت ةرولب 0.012  يم ينا ةرييدا ةيمكلا ف ةبويندا يياا غريلا نم ننسملا ءزرلا ضخ ةراريح ةيهرا تيحت ريطقملا ءايملا ف تانيعلاب ظا تحدا تت م ءوضلاب بيصخ ةدمل ةفرغلا 24  ةطايسوب ديشلا ةيطبار ةويق اييق تيت . لاايس ( يمايشلا راييتيدا اايهه CHINA GT-C04-2, GESTER ايهيييحت تيت تييقلا ) .راييتيا مادختساب ايئالحا Independent sample t-Test  ئئاتنلا  ف تييا ديهو د :  ق ريطلا نييب يوينعم يمايرملا يف نيتمدختيسملا نيت ( p>0.05 .) تئجئتنتسلاا ةيهس ئاوهلا يميتلا مادختساب نانسدا فيظنت ةق رط :  ةايشر لا ةق رط نيبخ اهنيب يونعم ف تيا دهو د نكلخ ةدي مخ .فا خلا ط م م ةيطاطملا  ABSTRACT Aims: study aims is to compare the tensile bond strength between fissure sealants placed after rubber cup pumice polishing and air polishing of the enamel surface. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was carried out using 40 non-carious upper first premolars extracted for an orthodontic reason, the crowns were separated from the roots, the teeth were randomly divided into 2 main groups consisting of 20 crowns depending on the sealant material used (Prevent or Angie), the teeth were subdivided into two subgroups of 10 teeth depending upon whether rubber cup with pumice slurry polishing or air polishing. Group Ia: Prevent Rubber cup (PRC). Group Ib : Prevent Air polisher (PAP), Group IIa: Angie Rubber cup (ARC). Group IIb: Angie Air polisher (AAP). Each tooth in this study was etched with a 37% semi-gel phosphoric acid for 15 seconds on the buccal surface, rinsed thoroughly for 20 seconds, and dried with the air stream to get an uniformly white, chalky-similar appearance. A translucent plastic tube was fixed on an etched enamel surface and filled incrementally with a fissure sealant then ready small post screws with twisted orthodontic wire gauge 0.012 inches which placed inside the tube until the serrations of screws were embedded in the last increment and light-cured. Samples were kept in the distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours. Tensile bond strength was measured by using the universal testing machine (GESTER, GT-C04-2, CHINA) and the values were statistically analyzed using Independent sample t-test. Results: A non-significant difference in tensile bond strength was detected between two methods used in the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: The air polishing method is easy and useful but, there were no significant differences on the tensile bond strength of material in comparison with a rubber cup and pumice


INTRODUCTION
The recent dentistry has focused on preventive approaches and conservative methods to apply less-invasive techniques to the dental structure (1). Pit and fissure caries occur mostly on the occlusal, buccal surfaces and palatal grooves of posterior teeth (2).
The anatomical depth and morphological shape for pits and fissures enhance the caries possibility due to enable plaque accumulation. The deep fissures become more difficult to scrub or cleaning by toothbrush and consequently hold more plaque deposits and trap more food fragments that are represented a good environment for bacterial growth (3). Fissure sealants are one of the main prevention measures for reducing the risk, and the occurrence of caries in the fissure area, also avoiding the need for more invasive dental procedures (4).

Sample collection and preparation :
The study was approved by Research

Badran IB., Gasgoos SS
Forty non-carious upper premolars which were extracted from young persons (16-18 years old), for orthodontic purposes were chosen. Inclusion criteria were teeth must not contain caries, restoration, and hypo-mineralization, the teeth were collected and carefully cleaned to remove deposits of calculus, plaque, or debris and stored in 2% thymol until the experiment (a maximum of one month), the teeth were rinsed carefully in running tap water and examined under a 20X magnifier to reject those with structural faults and were stored in distilled water at room temperature for a maximum of one week (7) .
The root portions were separated and removed using diamond disc bur (MA-NI, CHINA) with water whereas the coronal portion was conserved, the flattest area of the buccal of each tooth was chosen to be tested (8) . Each tooth was implanted in the block of acrylic, which was prepared by pouring acrylic in the mold of the polyvinyl cube (trunk tray cable), the flattest area of the buccal crown portion was exposed and placed parallel with acrylic level, when the cold cure acrylic resin set for all specimens, they were arranged into study groups, figure (1).

Samples Grouping:
The samples were randomly selected and divided into 2 main groups.
The main group was further subdivided into two subgroups of ten teeth depend-  Bonding procedure: After dividing the prepared samples randomly into multi-groups, the flattest area on the buccal surface of each tooth was treated and tested for each group. The enamel buccal surfaces of one subgroup were exposed to conventional enamel conditioning through the use of slow speed handpiece brushing by non-fluoridated pumice for 15 seconds. (9) The other subgroup was sub- Badran IB., Gasgoos SS tachment a piece of separating tape "adhesive tape" with a circular hole in the middle with 3mm in diameter (12) .

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Values were analyzed using a software program "IBM SPSS-version 22" to obtain: 1. The descriptive statistics was used to observe the standard deviation and mean of the values. 2. An independent sample t-test was used to compare two groups.

Descriptive statistics:
Mean and standard deviation (SD) of the results are shown in Table   (2).   ing the introduction of recent dental materials and tools (17) . The first stage of using the sealants is to clean the occlusal surface to eliminate all debris and organic deposits from the fissures (18) .
The surface can be cleaned with bristle brushes, rubber cups and air-powder polisher devices. However, the usage of rubber cups or bristle brushes is often hard, time-consuming and ineffective in totally removing stains and debris, especially from deep pit and fissure areas.
As an alternative, air polishing methods, have been constantly active and powerful for eliminating stains and deposits (19) . Waggoner WF and Siegal M.( 1996) recommended that the pumice with a rubber cup or bristles used for polishing and cleaning should be fluoride-free to prevent risking the surface bond (20) . The most recent suggestion appears to indicate that fluoride does not diminish retention capability (17,21) . with air polisher than non-fluoridated pumice group (24) .
The previous study by Selecman et al.,(2007) on the influence of preparation methods, fissure shape and material features on the in vitro margin penetrability and permeability of pit and fissure sealants which revealed no differences in the retention rate between pumice prophylaxis and air abrasion (19) CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that both methods of cleaning pits and fissures using airpolishing device with calcium carbonate powders and rubber cup with pumice polishing were efficient in cleaning with no significant differences on the tensile bond strength of sealant material.